Vet at FirstVet answers:
Cats can cough due to cat flu, pneumonia, asthma, etc. The most common cause of coughing in cats is feline asthma.
If your cat is alert, eating and drinking as usual, but suddenly starts coughing and only does so a few times, you can wait and see how the coughing develops over the next couple of days. If your cat, however, seems tired, does not want to eat or drink, has a fever (a rectal temperature over 39°C), or has several coughing fits during the day it needs to be seen by a vet. If you find your cat mouth breathing it needs to be taken to the vet straight away as it is a sign of breathing difficulty.